Kyoto

Kyoto, established in 794 was Japan's capital for over 1000 years. Even today when the capital has moved to Tokyo, Kyoto retains its unique position as the country’s historical, cultural and artistic centre.

Kyoto was not heavily bombed during the second world war and despite its fair share of concrete and neon it remains a living museum of Japan’s great artistic heritage and home to 17 Unesco World Heritage Sites and nearly 2000 temples and shrines.

The sights include Kyoto Imperial Palace, originally built in 794 and in use until the Imperial household moved to Tokyo after the Meiji restoration, Nijo Castle home of the Tokugawa Shogun and Kiyomizudera Temple with its overhanging wooden veranda affording panoramic views of the city. Other major attractions are Sanjusangendo Temple or the Hall of the 33 Bays which derives its name from the 33 spaces between the 35 pillars found in the hall. 33 is also the manifestation of Kannon , the Buddhist goddess of mercy to whom this temple is dedicated. Also the Golden Pavillion and Heian Shrine – the Shrine of Peace and Tranquility, a Shinto shrine built in 1895 to celebrate the 1,100th anniversary of the founding of Kyoto.

In addition to numerous temples and shrines, Kyoto is also famous for its gardens (many of which are attached to temples), its Geishas and traditional crafts.

Within easy reach of Kyoto is the city of Nara, designated a Unesco World Heritage site. Nara was the heart of Japanese cultural and political life from 710 to 794 and is packed with superb shrines and temples. Todai-ji Temple is reputed to be the biggest wooden building in the world. It houses the Great Buddha of Nara, the largest bronze Buddha ever cast. Kasuga Shrine, like Todai-ji is located in Nara Park. It was built between 710 and the early ninth century and served as a focal point of religious faith for the imperial court and ordinary people. The deep green forests of Kasugayama mountain in the background accentuate the vermillion of the main shrine buildings. Also of interest is Horyu-ji Temple built in 607, a five storey wooden pagoda.