Muscat became the capital of Oman in 1793 but its origins lie much further back in time. Its name translates as ‘anchorage’ and the concealed harbour was mentioned by the geographer Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. It is still an important port today and a major contributor to the city’s economy. Surrounded on three sides by mountains and with few high rise blocks, the city retains an air of elegance and classical Arabian design that well rewards a visit.

Taking a traditional Arab sailing dhow along some of the jagged coast line is a great way to get a perspective of the city before looking at some of its better-known sights. The Grand Mosque is one of the largest in Oman, and the Bait Al Zubair Museum and Royal Palace house interesting collections. On the cornice are the impressive Jalani and Mirani Forts, built by the Portuguese in 1587, and the old town and Muttrah Souk are well worth a wander.