Located at the heart of the Syrian Desert, this oasis city was the stronghold of the great Arab Queen Zenobia who dared to challenge the power of Rome. The ruins of the ancient city cover a huge area and are one of the world's great archaeological sites. During the first century AD, Palmyra was incorporated into the Roman province of Syria and Roman skills went into the construction of this grandiose city.

One of the best preserved of the city's monuments is the Temple of Bel, built in 32AD and dedicated to the Palmyrene supreme deity Bel. There is also a monumental arch and colonnaded streets along which lie Roman baths and a theatre. Nearby is the Valley of the tombs, Diocletians camp, more temples and the excellent Palmyra Museum. A 17th century Arab castle overlooks Palmyra and while there is not much to see inside, the views of the ancient ruins spreading into the distance are magnificent.